Fat or lipid compounds is biomolecules insoluble in
water, and can be divided into triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and
lipoproteins. By its nature, triglycerides are distinguished in the mention of
the fat and oil. Called when the fat at 27oC are solid. Conversely,
if the oil is called liquid state at a temperature of 27oC.
Fats are composed of saturated fatty acids, ie fatty
acids have no double bonds, while oil composed of unsaturated fatty acids.
Saturated fatty acids are more dangerous than saturated fatty acids, because of
the potential to cause heart kloroner or hypertension. Fats are formed into two
kinds in a living cell that is simple fat and fat combined.
1. Fat simple
Simple fatty built by one of glycerol and three
fatty acids (triglycerides). Fatty constituent fatty acids may be saturated
fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids have a
hydrocarbon chain H atoms maximum. Examples stearate acid and palmitic acid. In
the unsaturated fatty acids, the number of H atoms in the hydrocarbon chain is
not maximized. For example oleic acid and linoleate.
Stearate acid has 16 CH2 groups, so the formula CH 3
(CH 2) 16COOH. Judging from the formula, the fatty acid has a methyl group, a
hydrocarbon chain and a carboxyl cluster.
2. Fat combined
The combined fat is a fatty acid ester which, when
hydrolyzed to produce fatty acids, alcohol, and other substances. The combined
fat is the most important structural komponene on the cell membrane.
The combined fat samples are as follows:
- Phospholipids, ie lipid-containing phosphate ester. Sphingolipids are examples of phospholipid-containing amino, alcohol, and phosphate esters. Sphingolipids present in the myelin sheath of nerve cells.
- glycolipids, carbohydrate and lipid-containing molecules. Protoplasm animal cells contain two kinds of glycolipids, namely cerebrosides and ganglioside. Cerebrosides containing molecule sphingosine, fatty acids, and glucose. Cerebrosides is a component of fat in brain cells and sheath Meilin. Gangliosida containing sphingosine, fatty acids and one or more of glucose, lactose, galactosamine, and neurominik acid. Ganglioside contained in the gray areas of the brain and erythrocyte membrane.
- Lipoprotein, is a lipid-containing protein, eg cholesterol with alpha and beta globulins.
- Carotenoids, the pigment combined lipid found in plant cells and animal cells. Examples hemoglobin (Hb) and chlorophyll.
Fat is very useful for the human body as well as the function of carbohydrate and protein functions are closely related to the
function of fat, fat usability including:
- As a backup energy source.
- As the solvent vitamins.
- Maintain body temperature.
- Protect organs.
- The structural components making up the membrane.